Uzbekistan’s cooperation with the ADB: From infrastructure financing to an expanded strategic partnership

📅 02.05.2026

From 3 to 6 May 2026, Samarkand will host the 59th Annual Meeting of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The event is expected to bring together heads of banking and financial institutions from 69 member countries, as well as representatives of international organizations. Discussions will focus on the key development challenges facing the countries of Asia and possible ways to address them.

The holding of such a high-level forum in Uzbekistan reflects the growing recognition of the country’s ongoing economic reforms and the strengthening of its position within the global financial system. A significant factor has also been the notable expansion of cooperation between Uzbekistan and the ADB in recent years, as evidenced by a number of objective international assessments of the country’s socio-economic development.

First, there has been a steady rise in Uzbekistan’s international standing and stronger performance in global rankings. In particular, in the Government Technology Maturity Index published by the World Bank, the country advanced by 71 positions, entering the world’s top ten.

Second, despite continuing disruptions in global production and transport-logistics chains, rising commodity prices, and tighter financial conditions, Uzbekistan continues to demonstrate устойчивый economic growth. In 2025, for the first time in the country’s history, gross domestic product exceeded USD 145 billion, while gold and foreign exchange reserves surpassed USD 60 billion.

At the same time, the volume of attracted foreign investment increased significantly, reaching USD 43.1 billion, while the share of investment in GDP exceeded 31 percent. Moreover, despite growing protectionism and sanctions pressure in the global trading system, the republic increased exports by 23 percent, bringing them to USD 33.4 billion.

Third, cooperation between Uzbekistan and the ADB is comprehensive and long-term in nature. The total portfolio of joint initiatives amounts to 174 projects worth USD 27.5 billion, of which 66 projects worth USD 10.5 billion have already been completed, while another 30 projects valued at USD 4.6 billion are currently under implementation. These figures confirm the ADB’s status as one of Uzbekistan’s leading development partners.

Building on accumulated experience, the ADB launched a new five-year partnership strategy with Uzbekistan in August 2024 for the period 2024–2028. Its key priorities include supporting the republic’s transition toward a green and inclusive economy, enhancing private sector competitiveness, and stimulating investment in human capital.

In addition, Uzbekistan and the ADB approved a Memorandum of Understanding for 2026–2028, which envisages the implementation of 28 projects with a total value of USD 4.2 billion.

The fact that the meeting is being held in Uzbekistan positions the country as a regional hub for dialogue on development and investment, demonstrates the progress of reforms, and contributes to attracting global partners to accelerate the country’s sustainable development. According to experts, the meeting will serve as an important platform for strengthening cooperation and concluding priority agreements between the Government of Uzbekistan and the ADB.

Furthermore, in order to consolidate long-term priorities, President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev put forward an initiative to mark the Samarkand summit with the signing of an important document — the Expanded Strategic Partnership Programme with the ADB for 2027–2030. It will serve as a medium-term roadmap, with primary emphasis placed on human capital and social resilience.

Thus, cooperation between Uzbekistan and the ADB has evolved from financial assistance into a strategic partnership. Today, the Bank finances key projects, shapes the reform agenda, and supports the long-term transformation of the national economy, effectively acting as an institutional partner.

Such cooperation opens a number of significant advantages for Uzbekistan:

Economic – access to concessional loans and grants, reduced budgetary burden in implementing large-scale programmes, improvement of the investment climate and inflow of long-term foreign investment, infrastructure development, and employment growth;

Structural – acceleration of market reforms, liberalization and diversification of the economy, and private sector development;

Strategic – integration into the global economy, transition to a green growth model, and participation in regional value chains and transport-logistics corridors.

As can be seen, the modern ADB agenda largely coincides with Uzbekistan’s current reform trajectory. According to experts, the republic has synchronized its national strategy with the Bank’s priorities and, as a result, can attract even greater volumes of financing to accelerate structural reforms and strengthen economic resilience.

Overall, the key features of the modern model of cooperation between Uzbekistan and the ADB are: comprehensiveness (covering all major sectors), strategic orientation (alignment with the long-term goals of “Uzbekistan–2030”), institutional depth (reforms, regulation, standards), and sustainability (environmental protection and inclusiveness).

Thus, today the ADB is not merely a creditor, but a key strategic partner participating in structural reforms, economic modernization, and Uzbekistan’s integration into global economic processes.

 

Dmitriy Trostyanskiy

Chief Research Fellow,

Institute for Strategic and Regional Studies

under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan,

Doctor of Economic Sciences

Uzbekistan–Czech Republic: A Strategic Partnership at a New Stage of Development

📅 27.04.2026

Uzbekistan and the Czech Republic are entering a new phase in their relationship, building on the strong foundation laid over more than three decades. During this period, Uzbek-Czech ties have evolved from largely ceremonial contacts into a system of substantive engagement spanning political dialogue, trade, investment, and cultural and humanitarian exchange. Today, as Uzbekistan deepens its connections across Europe, the Czech Republic stands out as one of its most prominent partners in Central Europe.

The framework of the current relationship took shape from the first years of independence. The two countries established diplomatic relations on January 1, 1993, and the Czech Republic moved quickly to open a trade mission in Tashkent – one of the first to do so – which it converted into a full embassy in November 1994. Over the following decades, both sides steadily built out the treaty and legal framework, developed inter-parliamentary ties, and established intergovernmental communication channels, creating the infrastructure for genuine cooperation.

The year 2023 marked a qualitative turning point. Reciprocal visits at the prime ministerial level – Czech Prime Minister Petr Fiala’s visit to Tashkent in April and Uzbek Prime Minister Abdulla Aripov’s visit to Prague in October – infused the relationship with new content and momentum. The talks produced the Interstate Joint Declaration “On Enhanced Cooperation”, which set the direction for the partnership in the years ahead.

The pace of engagement has not slowed since. Czech Foreign Minister Jan Lipavský visited Tashkent in October 2024, and in September 2025 President Shavkat Mirziyoyev and President Petr Pavel met on the sidelines of the 80th UN General Assembly. Both sides have concentrated on expanding ties in investment, transport, innovation, and agriculture – a focus that reflects the practical, results-oriented character of the bilateral dialogue.

An important institutional development came in February 2025, when both chambers of the Oliy Majlis established Uzbek-Czech inter-parliamentary groups. These structures sustain continuous dialogue at the parliamentary level and create conditions for strengthening the legislative relationship and broadening the treaty and legal framework.

This political activity has created fertile ground for trade and economic engagement, which is showing positive momentum. Bilateral trade reached $189.7million in 2025. Although this represents a slight decline from 2024, the figure is three times higher than the 2018 level, reflecting the broader long-term upward trend. The Joint Intergovernmental Commission on Economic, Industrial and Scientific-Technical Cooperation serves as the structural instrument for sustaining this trajectory; its tenth session took place in Prague in March 2025. Through this mechanism, both sides are steadily expanding their business presence.

More than 40 companies with Czech capital now operate in Uzbekistan, and that number continues to grow. A vivid example of Czech business interest is Škoda Group’s intention to launch a joint venture in Uzbekistan for the local assembly and maintenance of railway rolling stock, as well as to establish a Škoda Academy for the training of industry specialists.

Beyond manufacturing and trade, Czech business is also making inroads in healthcare. Contacts with Czech pharmaceutical companies are becoming more regular, and Czech medicines and modern medical equipment have gained a solid presence on the Uzbek market.

Czech business interest is underpinned by active government support: the Czech Republic is actively backing Uzbekistan’s accession to the WTO, which is expected this year. Membership in the organization will open new opportunities for foreign investors and create additional conditions for expanding trade.

The humanitarian dimension of the partnership has taken the longest to develop and is, for that reason, the most durable. As far back as 2003, Termez State University and Charles University launched a joint archaeological expedition in the Surkhandarya region. Over twenty years of fieldwork, the project has uncovered previously unknown monuments from the Bronze and Iron Ages. The exceptional finds gathered over the years of research formed the basis of the exhibition “From Zarathustra to Genghis Khan”, which opened in Tashkent in April 2023 on the occasion of Prime Minister Fiala's visit.

The cultural agenda continues to grow. Czech musical ensembles regularly participate in the Sharq Taronalari festival in Samarkand, while the Czech-Uzbek Friendship Society in Prague has for many years served as a living platform for people-to-people diplomacy.

Academic and scientific cooperation is also advancing. The National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, the Tashkent Medical Academy, and a number of other universities are running joint programmes with Charles University, Comenius University, the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, and Mendel University.

Student interest in Czech education continues to grow steadily: over the past five years, the number of students from Uzbekistan studying in the Czech Republic has doubled, approaching 700. The annual Czech government scholarship programme, which gives Uzbek citizens access to undergraduate, master’s and doctoral study, has contributed significantly to this growth.

Labour mobility between the two countries is also developing. Around 3,000 Uzbek citizens currently work in the Czech Republic in industry, construction, trade, and services, and an annual quota of 150 labour visas reflects both sides’ structured approach to organising labour mobility.

All of this sustains a steady flow of mutual travel, supported by a direct weekly air service between Tashkent and Karlovy Vary that makes the Czech Republic a readily accessible destination.

The breadth and depth of this engagement naturally raises the question of priorities for the bilateral dialogue going forward.

First, opening an Embassy of the Republic of Uzbekistan in Prague would improve the speed of contacts, expand Uzbekistan’s diplomatic presence, and allow more effective support for joint projects.

Second, despite the temporary decline in trade volumes in 2025, the potential for recovery is considerable. The Czech Republic’s high standing in the Prosperity Index, 8th in the EU in 2026, confirms its status as a key technology and investment partner for Uzbekistan.

Third, particular promise lies in mechanical engineering, machine-tool manufacturing, and industrial automation. According to Harvard University’s Economic Complexity Index, the Czech Republic has held 7th place globally for a decade in its capacity to produce and export technologically sophisticated goods – precisely the kind of partnership Uzbekistan needs for its industrial modernisation agenda.

Overall, the Czech Republic is consolidating its role as one of the strategic anchors in Uzbekistan’s European partnership network. The convergence of Czech industrial capacity and Uzbekistan’s dynamic, fast-growing economy lays the foundation not merely for an exchange of goods, but for deep technological integration and large-scale industrial projects designed to last for decades.

Kayumova Madinabonu,

Leading Researcher of the Institute for Strategic and Regional Studies under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Public Diplomacy in Uzbek-Turkish Relations: The Factor of Trust and Cooperation

📅 28.01.2026

In the modern system of international relations, stable and long-term cooperation between states is based, above all, on political will and trust at the highest level. Relations between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Turkey have consistently developed based on an open, sincere, and trusting dialogue established between the heads of state. This political trust creates a solid foundation for public diplomacy, including deepening fraternal ties between the cities.

In recent years, high-level meetings, regular political dialogue, and strategic agreements between the presidents of Uzbekistan and Turkey have elevated relations between the two countries to the level of a comprehensive strategic partnership. Mutual trust and political support from the heads of state have resulted in concrete and practical results in trade, economic, investment, cultural, humanitarian, and educational spheres.

From this perspective, public diplomacy is becoming an important component of Uzbek-Turkish relations. It strengthens official interstate agreements at the public level and deepens trust and mutual understanding between peoples. Particularly between two fraternal nations with shared historical roots, a common language, and spiritual values, public diplomacy is a natural and indispensable process.

In this context, the Uzbekistan-Turkey Friendship Society functions as an important institutional platform for the development of public diplomacy. Cultural events, scientific and educational conferences, youth and women’s initiatives organized by the society contribute to strengthening mutual trust and friendship between the two peoples. This activity promotes public support for priority areas established at the level of heads of state.

At the same time, fraternal relations between cities are one of the most effective and practical forms of public diplomacy. Fraternal relations established between the cities of Uzbekistan and Turkey strengthen political trust at the local level and create a favorable environment for economic and cultural cooperation. The Brother Cities Alliance and the Union of Municipalities of the Turkic World participate in this process as important international structures coordinating and systematically developing relations between cities. 

Brother cities cooperation, which has historical significance in Uzbek-Turkish relations, includes ties between the cities as Bukhara – Izmir, Bukhara – Malatya, Samarkand – Sakarya, Tashkent – Ankara, and Khiva – Bolu. Cultural and humanitarian projects, educational and tourism programs, as well as investment initiatives implemented within the framework of this cooperation serve to achieve the strategic goals set by the leaders of the two countries at the local level.

It should be noted that cooperation between cities has not only cultural or economic significance but also an important political content. Trust and cooperation established at the local level ensure the stability and continuity of interstate relations. This demonstrates the significant role of public diplomacy in strengthening the strategic partnership between Uzbekistan and Turkey.

In conclusion, public diplomacy in Uzbek-Turkish relations is an important factor that builds on, complements, and strengthens the trusting political dialogue between the heads of state. Within the framework of the priority areas identified by the heads of state, work carried out at the city level in cooperation with the Brother Cities Alliance and the Union of Municipalities of the Turkic World will contribute to the further strengthening of friendship, trust, and cooperation between the two fraternal peoples.

Zokir Abidov,

Chairman of the Brother Cities Alliance 

Information on infrastructure and first investment projects' construction presented

📅 30.12.2024

The President got acquainted with the construction of transportation infrastructure and engineering communications in New Tashkent.

As is known, the city under construction is designed for 1 million residents, which requires appropriate infrastructure with a view of long-term operation. In this regard, major underground engineering works are underway, laying the foundation for future grandiose constructions.

It is planned that infrastructure, daily life and ecology will harmoniously coexist in the new city. For instance, it is planned to create an environmentally friendly transportation system - metro and electric buses will be closely interconnected. For transportation 14 tunnels will be built, underground parking lots for 100 thousand cars will be equipped. In addition, all conditions will be created for barrier-free and safe movement of pedestrians and cyclists.

At one of the future intersections, foundation pouring for columns and waterproofing works are already underway. The President reviewed these processes. Recommendations were given on the use of high-quality and resistant materials.

Currently, the construction of one-section and two-section engineering collectors has begun, through which all centralized heating, water, electricity and telecommunications networks will pass underground.

The city will apply “smart” technologies in line with modern urbanization requirements. For the first time in the country, a “trigeneration” plant will be built here. Wastewater will be processed using modern technologies, and the resulting water will be used for irrigation and technical needs.

The President was also presented with the projects envisioned within the framework of the first stage of construction of New Tashkent. The winners of the auctions at which land plots were offered presented their investment initiatives.

Many local and foreign investors are interested in New Tashkent. Within the framework of the first phase, 11 mixed-use complexes, as well as hotels and restaurants have already been launched at a total cost of $490 million. Residential and commercial facilities as well as social institutions will make the neighborhood lively and attractive. Meanwhile, hotels and restaurants built in a unique architectural style will provide high-class service to guests and turn the city into a tourist center.

Next year, land plots for subsequent phases will be put up for bidding. Each phase will present new investment opportunities and projects. This will not only contribute to the further development of the city, but also create many new jobs and support local businesses.

In general, it is planned to create about 200 thousand high-income jobs in New Tashkent through the introduction of innovative technologies. Technoparks, IT-park, educational and medical clusters will be created for this purpose.

Uzbekistan’s Green Economy Transition: Institutional Reform, Carbon Markets, and a New Growth Model

📅 20.04.2026

In recent years, the Republic of Uzbekistan has embarked on a structured and institutionally grounded transition toward a green economy, positioning sustainability as a core driver of long-term economic resilience, competitiveness, and global integration.

This transformation reflects a comprehensive approach that combines policy reform, market-based instruments, and active international cooperation, enabling the country to move from strategic commitments to measurable outcomes.

The foundation of Uzbekistan’s green transition was laid through the adoption of a comprehensive policy framework in 2022, which established strategic priorities for green growth through 2030. This framework includes sectoral energy efficiency concepts, a national green growth program, and a detailed action plan.

Importantly, the government has set clear quantitative targets, including reducing the energy intensity of GDP by 20 percent by 2026 compared to 2022 levels. Institutional capacity has also been strengthened through the establishment of interagency coordination mechanisms and donor engagement platforms, ensuring coherent implementation across sectors. 

A major milestone in the reform process has been the introduction of a green energy certificate system, which enables verification that electricity is generated from renewable sources. This system has facilitated the development of a transparent renewable energy market and strengthened the ability of domestic producers to access environmentally regulated export markets.

To date, more than 446,000 green energy certificates have been issued and traded, reflecting growing demand for clean energy solutions and increasing private sector engagement.

Uzbekistan has taken a pioneering role in Central Asia in developing carbon market mechanisms. In cooperation with the World Bank, the country is implementing innovative approaches to carbon trading in line with Article 6 of the Paris Agreement.

Through initiatives such as the iCRAFT project, supported by the Transformative Carbon Asset Facility (TCAF), Uzbekistan is mobilizing up to $46.2 million in climate finance between 2024 and 2028. Initial results include the reduction of approximately 10 million tons of CO₂-equivalent emissions and the attraction of around $15 million in funding.

At the same time, regulatory frameworks for international carbon trading and emissions accounting are being developed, positioning Uzbekistan for full participation in global carbon markets. 

A key achievement has been the adoption of the Law on Limiting Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2025, which establishes the legal foundation for emissions regulation, national registries, and climate policy instruments.

Complementing this, Uzbekistan has introduced a national transparency system to monitor progress toward its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). This system enhances data reliability, strengthens accountability, and builds trust among international investors and development partners. 

Uzbekistan is actively developing a national green finance ecosystem aimed at mobilizing public, private, and international capital. Policy efforts include the development of green financing frameworks, institutional mechanisms, and project pipelines.

International partners play a critical role in this process. Cooperation with institutions such as the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development has enabled the implementation of green financing programs, including the Green Economy Financing Facility (GEFF), channeling substantial resources into energy efficiency and sustainable technologies.

Furthermore, Uzbekistan’s participation in the Climate Investment Funds Industrial Decarbonization Program provides access to up to $250 million in concessional financing, significantly expanding the scale of green investments. 

The transition to a green economy is closely linked to industrial modernization.

Uzbekistan is implementing targeted programs to support enterprises in adopting low-carbon technologies, improving resource efficiency, and enhancing competitiveness.

Partnerships with international organizations, including German development institutions, are facilitating policy development, capacity building, and practical support for small and medium-sized enterprises in reducing emissions and transitioning to sustainable production models.

Uzbekistan continues to strengthen its role in global climate governance through active international engagement. The country has joined the Global Methane Pledge, committing to reduce methane emissions by at least 30 percent by 2030.

Bilateral cooperation is expanding through mechanisms such as the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) with Japan, as well as climate partnerships with the Republic of Korea, Germany, and Hungary under the Paris Agreement framework.

In addition, the Ministry of Economy and Finance has joined the Coalition of Finance Ministers for Climate Action, reflecting the integration of climate considerations into macroeconomic and fiscal policy. 

Digital transformation plays an increasingly important role in supporting green reforms. Uzbekistan has launched a national online platform that consolidates data on green projects, regulatory frameworks, and international practices.

This digital infrastructure enhances transparency, supports evidence-based policymaking, and improves coordination across institutions.

Uzbekistan’s transition to a green economy represents a comprehensive and forward-looking reform agenda that integrates institutional development, market mechanisms, and international cooperation.

The progress achieved to date demonstrates a clear shift from policy design to effective implementation. By strengthening governance frameworks, mobilizing green finance, and fostering global partnerships, Uzbekistan is building a resilient and sustainable economic model.

In the long term, the green transition is expected to serve not only as an environmental imperative but also as a key driver of economic growth, investment attractiveness, and deeper integration into the global economy.

Ministry of Economy and Finance

of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan’s Business Climate Analysis for 2025 – A CERR Study

📅 04.02.2026

Throughout the year, the business climate remained in positive territory, with an annual average of 57 points, indicating an overall favorable business environment in Uzbekistan.

The Center for Economic Research and Reforms (CERR) presented the results of its 2025 business climate analysis, based on monthly nationwide surveys of entrepreneurs. Using the collected data, a composite Business Climate Indicator was constructed, reflecting assessments of current business conditions as well as expectations for the next three months.

Dynamics of the Composite Business Climate in Uzbekistan

According to the results of 2025, the annual average value of the Composite Business Climate Index in Uzbekistan amounted to 57 points on a scale from −100 to +100, which is 7% higher than in 2024. The growth was primarily driven by improved assessments of current conditions. The annual average value of the Current Business Conditions Index increased by 22% and reached 47 points.

At the same time, the Expectations Index declined slightly from 68 to 66 points, while remaining at a relatively high level. This reflects a certain degree of caution among enterprises regarding future prospects amid an overall improvement in perceptions of current conditions.

Over the year, the dynamics of the Composite Business Climate Index were uneven. The highest value was recorded in June at 63 points, while the lowest level was observed in January at 52 points. Fluctuations during the year reflected both seasonal factors and businesses’ adaptation to rapidly changing economic conditions.

By the end of the year, a high level of optimism among enterprises persisted. In December, the Business Climate Index stood at 58 points, increasing by 2 points compared to the end of 2024.

Sectoral and Regional Dynamics of the Business Climate Index

From a sectoral perspective, improvements in the business climate were recorded across most sectors of the economy in 2025. In the services sector, the index reached 58 points, representing an increase of 14.7%. In construction, the index stood at 57 points, up by 14.2%, while in industry it reached 54 points, increasing by 6.8%.

In agriculture, the index remained virtually unchanged at 56 points, indicating the persistence of previously established assessments of business conditions in this sector.

From a regional perspective, the annual average Business Climate Index increased compared to the previous year in 11 regions of the republic. In seven regions, the annual average value of the index reached 57 points.

The most pronounced improvement in business climate conditions was observed in Kashkadarya region, where the index increased by 27%, followed by Jizzakh region with a 23% increase and Khorezm region with a 17% increase. In the Republic of Karakalpakstan, growth amounted to 19%.

In Samarkand region, despite a slight decline in the index, the annual average business climate remained in positive territory at 51 points. In Tashkent region, the indicator remained unchanged at 44 points.

Business Expectations Regarding Price Dynamics and Demand

In terms of business expectations, inflationary and market assessments remained moderate in 2025. On average, 23% of companies expected price increases in the near term, which is 2 percentage points lower than in 2024.

During the year, the share of entrepreneurs expecting price increases fluctuated within the range of 18–27%, reaching a peak in April and the lowest levels in September and December. The highest price expectations were observed among enterprises in agriculture and construction, reflecting sector-specific cost structures as well as the impact of seasonal and weather-related factors.

At the same time, assessments of market conditions remained relatively strong. On average, 66% of entrepreneurs expected an increase in demand for goods and services, while 57% of companies planned to expand their workforce. Overall, the results indicate the persistence of positive expectations regarding business activity and employment, alongside more restrained assessments of price dynamics.

Assessments of Demand and Employment

The Employment Index in 2025 amounted to 43 points, corresponding to a 12% increase. The most significant growth was recorded in the services sector at 14%, construction at 17%, industry at 7%, and agriculture at 11%. Throughout the year, employment dynamics remained moderate, with sustained demand for labor.

The Demand Index also showed improvement. Its annual average value reached 48 points, representing an increase of 13%. The largest contribution came from the services sector, where the index increased by 19%, while in construction, industry, and agriculture the Demand Index rose by 6% in each sector. During the year, the index remained relatively stable, with stronger positive assessments in the second half of 2025.

 

Barriers to Entrepreneurial Activity

Over the course of the year, a gradual reduction in barriers to doing business was observed. According to the results, 60% of entrepreneurs reported that they did not face difficulties in conducting business, which is 6% higher than in 2024.

In industry, problems related to electricity supply decreased by 4%, high tax rates by 3%, and access to financing by 3%.

At the same time, in agriculture and construction, financing-related barriers declined significantly, by 7% and 5%, respectively.

Despite the overall reduction in complaints, financing remained the main obstacle cited by entrepreneurs in construction and industry, reported by 11% of respondents in each sector.

Overall, sectoral data indicate an increase in the share of entrepreneurs who do not face significant constraints, as well as a decline in the importance of financial and infrastructure barriers.

The Business Climate Change Indicator is constructed based on the methodology of the Ifo Institute (Germany). As part of the surveys, company managers assess current and expected changes in business activity based on developments in production, demand, prices, and other indicators.

CERR Sector for the Study of Competitiveness of Economic Sectors and Investment Activity
tel.: (78) 150 02 02 (441)

CERR Public Relations and Media Sector
tel.: (78) 150 02 02 (417)

MINEX Central Asia 2025 Forum to be held in Tashkent on 24-26 June

📅 28.05.2025

The awakening lion: the era of renewal

📅 20.08.2024

Hey, great Turan, land of lions!
What has become of you? What are these days you endure now?
Oh, glorious cradle of Genghis, Timur, Oghuz, and Attila!
Where have the esteemed seats you once held gone?..
Abdurauf Fitrat
An American politician once said of the current life and fate of the Central Asian region: ‘They are neither post-Soviet nor post-communist countries now’.
Today no specialist knowledge is needed to understand this idea, which suggests that such labels are outdated in the research community. For example, ten to fifteen years ago the political behaviour of Central Asian societies – neighbours for thousands of years – was prone to national separatism, mutual dislike and latent hostility, but today they have undergone a remarkable transformation. Ideologues and ordinary Central Asians only a couple years ago endeavoured to prove their superiority, their antiquity and, for these very reasons, their greater belonging to the historical and cultural heritage of the region. Though they still might hurl some sharp insults at each other, now they have become united neighbours.
Every day we see and hear of events that illustrate this unity and provide concrete evidence of it. Meanwhile, as already noted, some latent and outdated policies of these neighbouring countries towards each other still attempt to turn the common cultural heritage of the region into a language of hatred.
As a result of Soviet nationalisation and post-Soviet ideologisation, these five states in the Eurasian centre, the land that once founded great empires and was famous throughout the world, unfortunately turned away from one another after gaining independence. This, in turn, allowed the region to remain a geopolitical object for the modern world’s empires.
At this moment, I do not intend to delve into the geopolitical picture of the region and its current situation. I would like to share my brief thoughts on the bold steps and the international image of what Uzbek leadership is calling ‘New Uzbekistan’. The country is transforming day by day and now has the ability to directly influence regional processes.
These joyful events have made me take up my pen.

August 2024 began with good news. That month’s two important events to which I would like to draw attention, are related to the growing role of New Uzbekistan in world politics, culture, and modern history. These were the state visit of the President of Uzbekistan to Kazakhstan and his participation in the Consultative Meeting of the Heads of Central Asian States in Astana, as well as the historic victory of our athletes at the Olympic Games in Paris.
True, some may argue, “Well, the President has repeatedly participated in meetings in this format, and our athletes have delivered victories commensurate with those from other countries. What’s the big deal?”
But I also have a question for such people: When did the world powers take Uzbekistan, which will soon be celebrating thirty-three years of independence, so seriously? When have this country and its long-suffering people been recognised as independent subjects of international politics? When did our country’s representative reach thirteenth place in a set of international competitions in which athletes from more than two hundred countries took part? When was the anthem of Uzbekistan played eight times at such prestigious competitions? When was our flag raised thirteen times over the winners' podium? And when else did we hear that ‘Uzbek athletes have no equal in the world!’?
Of course, no one will be able to contradict me when I say that these two factors are the worthy fruit of the hard work of our country’s president Shavkat Mirziyoyev.
I would like to say a few words about the meetings in Kazakhstan. The details of this visit vividly demonstrated the results of Mirziyoyev’s changes in regional policy, which he put into place eight years ago.
The first meeting of the Interstate Supreme Council, which took place 7-9 August 2023, was cochaired by Mirziyoyev and President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev.
This was the first time in our history that the leaders of these two Central Asian states have met to agree on multifaceted supranational cooperation, which is recognised by the world community and international experts as one of the main locomotives of international affairs in the modern world. In the past, despite supranational general concepts such as ‘Central Asia’, ‘regional unity’ or the substanceless slogan ‘Turkestan is our common home’, the identity of the region as a whole has remained extremely blurred. The actions of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, the two main powers in the region, towards this end are an important step in transforming these previous abstractions into a concrete plan. We will talk about this a little later, but for now let us focus on the first meeting of the Interstate Council.
The visit hosted meetings of the Intergovernmental Commission and the Business Council, as well as a business forum, political consultations, a think tank forum and intellectual games. The organizers of the meetings also organised cinema days and other cultural events to strengthen the unity of Central Asian peoples in cultural terms as well as economic and political.
One of the most significant events of these meetings was the adoption by the leaders of the two countries of the Programme for Strategic Partnership and Allied Cooperation for 2024-2034. This document undoubtedly marks the beginning of a new stage in Uzbek-Kazakh relations of friendship and good neighbourliness.
Economic relations between the two parties have already reached record highs in recent years. As a result of previous meetings, such as economic forums and business meetings of the parties, solid agreements worth $7 billion were signed.
‘We have opened a new chapter in our multifaceted relations – we have held the first meeting of the Supreme Interstate Council. This format is an expression of the highest level of interstate cooperation and clearly demonstrates the close ties between our countries and peoples and their firm desire to strengthen cooperation in all areas,’ Mirziyoyev said at the meeting.
Of course, this unprecedented level of cooperation between the two countries did not go unnoticed by the world community and international experts. Analysts and think tanks commented widely on the details of the visit. In particular, Roy Anthony Rogers, Deputy Director of the Asia and Europe Institute at the University of Malaya (Malaysia), outlined his observations as follows:
‘Thanks to the strong historical ties and personal friendship between the leaders of Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, the current state of Uzbek-Kazakh relations is characterised by special dynamics, a high level of mutual understanding and trust. I believe that this visit of the president of Uzbekistan to Kazakhstan is of historic significance not only for the peoples of the two countries, but also for the prosperity of the entire Central Asian region.’
Praising Uzbekistan’s policy of regional cooperation, Nasri Al Saadi, Managing Partner of Premium Construction (Qatar), focuses in his article on the sincere actions of the neighbouring countries:
‘The two leaders are committed to uniting the region and coordinating efforts through consultative meetings and the Central Asia Plus platforms, which are becoming increasingly popular mechanisms for international cooperation. They actively support each other on global and regional political issues’.
Of course, my aim is not to summarise or comment on the opinions of foreign analysts on this historic meeting. My intention is to tell you about the activities of Mirziyoyev, who is striving with equanimity and wisdom to achieve his goal of transforming Uzbekistan’s previous isolation into regional openness and is achieving great success. After all, I am always proud to be a contemporary and compatriot of a person who has glorified and continues to glorify the name of the Uzbek people and Uzbekistan.

AMIR TEMUR AND DIPLOMACY

📅 20.03.2026

Amir Temur occupies a place in world history not only as a great commander and statesman who built a powerful and prosperous state. The great ruler turned his capital, Samarkand, into one of the cultural, architectural, scientific and spiritual centers of the world.

Therefore, the study of Amir Temur's exemplary life and statecraft, the history of his reign, the study of science and culture in it, as one of the major scientific directions of historiography, has always been and remains the focus of attention of world scientists, heads of state, and politicians. Also, sources on the history of the Timurids have been translated into various languages and scientific research has been carried out worldwide.

The number of publications on the study of the era of Amir Temur is increasing day by day in world historiography. Ultimately, an independent scientific direction of "Temur studies" has been formed in world social science.

Today, no one doubts the immeasurable contribution of Amir Temur and the Temurid dynasty to the development of world civilization, to the sharp rise in the scientific, political-legal, spiritual-ideal, cultural and intellectual level of humanity. It should be noted that the Timurid Renaissance was recognized by the whole world. The fact that the French scientist Vincent Fournier was the first to use the phrase "Temurid Renaissance" is evidence of this.

The world community recognizes the Timurid era as an era that was reflected in the development of science, culture, art and literature, as well as great discoveries and inventions, and our people as a people who have founded the Renaissance twice so far. That is, it is commendable that our people rightfully belong to the small number of "peoples who were able to create a Renaissance" in the full sense of the word.

In this sense, it is considered that there is every reason to believe that the efforts of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev to create a new Renaissance in New Uzbekistan, that is, the foundation of the Third Renaissance, through large-scale democratic changes in our country, including reforms in the fields of science and education, will yield the expected results.

One of the greatest services of the Leader of the Nation to our people is the restoration of the dignity and broken national pride of our people, who have lost hope in their own country, who have lost hope in a prosperous and good life, and who have lost faith in the future, the formation of a consciousness specific to New Uzbekistan, the subsequent elevation of their spirits, and the return of respect for spiritual and educational values ​​and historical figures.

At a new stage of the development of the Republic of Uzbekistan, along with radical renewal and improvement in every sphere of the state and society, comprehensive measures are being implemented to strengthen national statehood, establish a stable track and develop the political, legal, economic and social life of our country.

In particular, in historiography, a wide path has been opened for studying the history of our ancestors, giving them a correct and objective scientific assessment, and on this basis restoring our national values. Because, as the President of Uzbekistan emphasized: “We have a great history that is worth admiring. We have great ancestors that are worth admiring.”

 

Amir Temur: "I declare peace and tranquility!"

 

At the current stage of the development of new Uzbekistan, it is very important that the period of Uzbek diplomacy from ancient times to the present day - the formation and development of independent Uzbek diplomacy - is comprehensively and systematically studied. In particular, the book "History of Uzbek diplomacy", published in 2022, is the VII volume of the "History of Uzbekistan" multi-volume work. The book is a practical response to the proposals made by President Shavkat Mirziyoyev at a meeting with Uzbek diplomats in January 2018.

The publication of a book on the history of Uzbek diplomacy is a major political event. As the head of our state noted, "our national statehood has a history of several thousand years and a rich culture. Therefore, diplomatic relations also go back to the deepest layers of our history. This fact is widely recognized not only by our country, but also by scientists from around the world."

One of the most striking qualities of our great ancestor, Sahibkiran Amir Temur, is that six centuries ago he deeply understood that the development of mutually beneficial cooperation between states, the strengthening of friendship and solidarity between distant and close peoples was an important factor in ensuring the prospects of his empire. Therefore, he carried out great works that served to connect Europe and Asia. On the one hand, he established contacts with China, India, on the other hand, France, Spain, England and other countries and sought to strengthen these relations.

As recognized on a scientific basis by our country's scientists and foreign experts, Amir Temur also left a deep mark in history as the most skillful diplomat of his time. As a great statesman, Sahibkiran skillfully combined the peaceful path of diplomacy and military measures in achieving his goals.

The great empire built by Amir Temur since that time has attracted not only neighboring countries and their kings, but also rulers of distant lands. Historical documents indicate that from the 70s of the 14th century, representatives of European countries came to Transoxiana and were seriously interested in the power and potential of the new, independent state here.

Sahibkiran, in turn, especially after the formation of a powerful empire, established active diplomatic relations with almost all major states of that time and their rulers. He sent his ambassadors to various countries, as well as received foreign ambassadors sent to him.

Amir Temur sent ambassadors to the court of Don Enrique III of Castile and Leon (in some sources - King Henry III of Spain), the ruler of France Charles VI (in some sources - Charles VI), and the king of England Henry IV, who, in turn, received ambassadors from Spain, France, England, China and a number of others - a total of more than 20 foreign states - in his capital Samarkand, which clearly confirms this idea.

According to historical sources, on July 28, 1402, the Ambassadors of King Don Enrique III of Castile and Leon, who were present at the presence of Amir Temur, included Payo de Soto Mayor and Hernan Sanchez de Palazuelos. When the time came for the ambassadors to return, Sahibkiran sent one of the capable beys, Muhammad Keshi, with letters and gifts to Castile as an Ambassador with them, in order to further strengthen relations between the two states. Muhammad Keshi arrived there safely and handed over the letters and gifts to Don Enrique III.

It is known that Amir Temur recruited Nasaf and Kesh scholars, capable individuals knowledgeable in religious and secular sciences, and proficient in foreign languages ​​to his palace. They performed various duties, including the duties of Ambassador. For example, Muhammad Keshi lived in Spain for some time as Sahibqiran's ambassador, while Maulana Abdullah Keshi was sent by Amir Temur as an ambassador to Faraj, the Sultan of Egypt.

Amir Temur usually sent Christian leaders to European countries as ambassadors. Of the Muslim diplomats, only Muhammad Keshi managed to go to Europe. This also indicates his ability, knowledge of several languages, probably one of the European languages.

At that time, the fame of Amir Temur had spread throughout Europe. Therefore, Muhammad Keshi was received with great respect by the King of Castile, Don Enrique III. He attended receptions at the Royal Palace and in the palaces of the great nobles. The King accompanied him to Samarkand with his ambassadors, led by Rui Gonzalez de Clavijo, and respectfully escorted him.

One of the distinctive features of Amir Temur's diplomacy was that in all his addresses, even in letters written in the form of strict demands, he adhered to the etiquette of Eastern diplomacy. It is not difficult to learn from historical letters that have survived from those times that Sahibkiran always responded to the letters of the rulers of some countries, written in a rude manner, sometimes with anger and ignorance, expressing his opinion clearly, with culture and decency. The fact that Amir Temur's letter to the French King Charles VI contains the words "I declare peace and tranquility!" clearly confirms this.

 

Diplomatic correspondence of Amir Temur

 

The correspondence that has survived from that time to the present clearly testifies to the skillful diplomatic activity of Amir Temur and the Temurids. Currently, 4 letters are kept in the National Archives of France:

the first is the original copy of Amir Temur's letter to the French King Charles IV in Persian;

the second is a copy of this letter translated into Latin by Archbishop John himself or one of his contemporaries;

the third, a copy of a letter written in Latin by the French King Charles IV to Amir Temur;

the fourth, a Latin translation of a letter sent by Mironshah Mirzo to three European kings. The original copy was kept by John and later shown to the King of England.

When it comes to the study of relations between Amir Temur and Europe during the former Soviet era, it is worth noting that I. Umnyakov's article "International relations of Central Asia at the beginning of the 15th century. Amir Temur's relations with Byzantium and France" and other works are quite informative.

Amir Temur also conducted diplomatic correspondence with distant states of Western Europe, in particular, with the representative of the Valois dynasty - King Charles VI of France (1380-1422) and King Henry IV of England (1399-1413). The first brief information about the correspondence between Amir Temur and Charles VI in 1402-1403 was provided by the French historian Flossant, who lived at the beginning of the 19th century, in his research published in 1811.

Amir Temur's letter to Charles VI was written in Persian, in an unusual style, not similar to the style of the rulers of the East. The letter mentions that "the preacher Francis" brought letters to Amir Temur from the French king.

As far as we know, there was no official exchange of ambassadors between Amir Temur and Charles VI, as there was between King Henry III of Castile. At the same time, the text of the letter suggests that Amir Temur had previously received letters from France. However, these letters have not reached us.

There is no doubt that this letter is an original. This is clearly confirmed by the fact that Amir Temur's miraculous seal is stamped on two places on the letter. The fact that the seal on the letter actually belongs to Sahibkiran has been proven by most historians, including Ambassador Clavijo and historian Ibn Arabshah.

An important point is that Clavijo is one of the few, that is, one of four people who saw Amir Temur and wrote memoirs based on direct conversations with him. This fact further increases the authenticity of the diaries of the Spanish Ambassador, as well as the memoirs created by Ibn Arabshah, Ibn Khaldun, and Archbishop John. Therefore, honesty is the path to truth and justice.

The National Library in Paris preserves the second letter of Amir Temur to Charles VI. The Latin translation of this letter has come down to us, first published by Sylvester de Sacy.

At the same time, there is also a Latin translation of the letter sent by Charles VI to Amir Temur. This is a unique document of particular value as the only letter from the French king to Sahibkiran that has survived to this day. While both letters of Amir Temur are dated August 1, 1402, the letter of Charles VI is dated June 15, 1403.

The foreign policy and diplomatic correspondence of His Majesty Amir Temur have been and are being studied in detail by scholars around the world, including specialists from our country. Some time ago, when I met with Jean-Louis Bacquet-Grammon, a well-known French orientalist and orientalist, in Paris, he presented me with a rare copy of the book "Amir Temur's Campaign in Anatolia (1402)" written by the Romanian historian and Turkologist Maria-Matilda Alexandrescu-Dersca, published in 1942.

Despite the fact that Amir Temur's letters were written almost seven centuries ago, some of their aspects resonate as an extremely important call for our day: it is understood that the prosperity of the world with merchants, the glory of the empire is determined primarily by recognizing the glory of other empires, respecting the dignity of citizens, regardless of official and unofficial differences, and firmly adhering to human rights and freedoms.

In addition, as material evidence of the diplomatic correspondence of the Timurids, one can cite the letters between Amir Timur and his third son, the ruler of Western Iran, Iraq and Azerbaijan, Miranshah Mirza, and the kings of France, England, Castile and other countries. Some of these letters are kept in the French National Archives, the British Museum and the Spanish archives.

The diplomatic correspondence of Amir Timur and the Timurids clearly shows, firstly, that Europe has always reached out to the East, which awakened long before it, and secondly, that the East also sought to establish contacts with these countries, cooperate, establish trade and commerce, and, despite religious differences, honor merchants and protect their rights.

 

 

Akmal SAIDOV,

academician

Uzbek–Finnish Cooperation: New Dynamics and Practical Areas of Partnership

📅 29.10.2025

The resilience of Finland’s development model and the dynamism of Uzbekistan’s reforms provide a solid foundation for deepening bilateral cooperation. Finland combines technological leadership, efficient governance, and a robust social policy. Its mixed model of development with strong public regulation and an active private sector is based on long-term planning, technological excellence, and social equality.
A balanced economic policy keeps inflation at 2–3%, while maintaining a high AA+ credit rating. The national research infrastructure is funded as a key element of state strategy. Total spending on research and development exceeds 3% of GDP, reaching €8.4 billion in 2023, up 6.3% from the previous year. The contributions came from the public sector, universities, and private business.
Finland’s economy remains open and export-oriented. In 2024, foreign trade reached €146.5 billion, including €72.2 billion in exports and €74.3 billion in imports. Its technological specialization, advanced digital environment, and high human capital create a predictable setting for investors.
At the same time, Uzbekistan has become a driver of reform in Central Asia over the past eight years. The country’s GDP has doubled to reach $115 billion. Since 2017, fixed capital investments have totaled $240 billion, with over $130 billion coming from foreign sources. International reserves exceed $48 billion. The structure of production has evolved: the share of industry rose from 20% to 26%, services from 44% to 47%, and labor productivity increased by 45%. Regulatory reforms expanded the space for private capital, while transport and energy infrastructure projects established a new foundation for industrialization and export growth.
As a result of these reforms, Uzbekistan’s trade with the European Union has entered a stable growth trajectory. Between 2017 and 2024, trade turnover between Uzbekistan and the EU increased 2.4 times from $2.6 billion to $6.4 billion. In 2024, exports rose by nearly 27% compared to 2023, while imports remained at a comparable level.
A New Stage of Political and Economic Relations
Particularly strong momentum has emerged in Uzbek–Finnish relations. Regular high-level contacts have given fresh impetus to the bilateral dialogue. On 12 November 2024, on the sidelines of the COP29 Summit in Baku, President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev met with President of Finland Alexander Stubb. The two leaders discussed prospects for cooperation in the fields of the green economy, renewable energy, innovation, and education, and exchanged views on sustainable development and climate policy.
The political dialogue continued with a telephone conversation on 9 September 2025, during which the heads of state explored ways to expand economic and humanitarian cooperation. Furthermore, an official visit of the President of Finland to Uzbekistan is expected in late October 2025, aimed at consolidating earlier agreements and opening new areas of partnership.
This process is creating a favorable foundation for strengthening trade and economic ties, introducing Finnish technologies, and attracting investment into Uzbekistan’s priority sectors. From 2019 to 2024, bilateral trade more than tripled to reach $152 million. Uzbekistan’s exports to Finland increased almost 17 times to $4.73 million, while imports from Finland nearly tripled to $147 million. Over the past year alone, Uzbek exports to Finland grew by 56%, and imports rose 3.2 times. From January to August 2025, trade volume exceeded $68 million.
Trade flows reflect each country’s comparative advantages: Uzbekistan supplies industrial goods and services, while Finland exports machinery, transport equipment, chemicals, and food products.
Prospects for Cooperation
The emerging agenda for trade and economic cooperation draws on Finland’s experience in engineering, clean technologies, digital healthcare, education, and R&D management – areas closely aligned with Uzbekistan’s goals for technological renewal, energy efficiency, and human capital development. At the same time, Uzbekistan’s favorable business climate and major infrastructure projects are reducing operational costs for foreign companies.
Given Uzbekistan’s development priorities and conducive investment conditions, there is significant potential to further deepen Uzbek–Finnish cooperation across several areas. According to the Center for Economic Research and Reforms, Uzbekistan’s exports to Finland could expand even in the short term, particularly in sectors where Uzbek producers have existing capacity and advantage – textiles and garments, fruits and nuts, footwear, leather goods, stone and cement products, as well as copper and semi-finished copper products.
Logistics could be organized through the ports of Helsinki and HaminaKotka, with Turku as a potential reserve. Distribution channels could be developed via major retail networks and distributors, including Kesko and S Group. Key success factors include certification under EU standards, stable supply chains, and regular contracts.
Industrial cooperation should move toward deeper processing with full production cycles, for example, in knitwear, wool, and leather, from spinning and dyeing to finished apparel. Potential partners include Finnish companies such as Lapuan Kankurit and Pirtin Kehräämö, as well as the Aalto University School of Arts, Design and Architecture. In agriculture, joint breeding programs using Finnish sheep lines and supported by LUKE (Natural Resources Institute Finland) could strengthen the raw-material base of Uzbekistan’s textile clusters.
In the digital and green transformation sphere, collaboration could extend to telecom infrastructure and critical systems management with companies such as Nokia. In energy, there is potential for cooperation in localizing components for solar installations and storage systems, developing smart grids, and improving generation efficiency in hot climates, with participation from Finnish firms Valoe, Fortum Solar, and Wärtsilä.
For research and materials science, engaging institutions such as VTT and LUT University would help build a sustainable technological and human-resource base in Uzbekistan, while opening new regional export niches.
In mechanical engineering, cooperation could develop with Metso and Valmet on equipment components, servicing, and partial localization. In logistics and cargo handling solutions, Finnish companies Konecranes and Cargotec offer relevant expertise. In climate monitoring and water-chemical solutions, potential partners include Vaisala and Kemira.
A cross-cutting priority remains human capital. Joint programs with the University of Helsinki, Tampere University, and University of Oulu are needed to establish industrial internships and introduce Finnish methods for training engineers, technologists, and quality specialists for high-tech industries.
At the institutional level, further progress will require harmonizing border procedures, launching green corridors, implementing digital customs systems, and ensuring mutual recognition of certificates. It will also be important to develop industrial and agro-processing clusters, logistics hubs, and training programs for workforce development.
In the near future, Uzbek–Finnish cooperation may reach a stable, long-term trajectory. For Finland, Uzbekistan represents a reliable supplier of manufactured goods and components, and a new market for technology and equipment. For Uzbekistan, deeper cooperation provides access to advanced solutions and Northern European distribution channels.
In conclusion, the combination of Finland’s effective governance model, innovation, and environmental responsibility with Uzbekistan’s large-scale reforms creates a strong foundation for joint practical projects in manufacturing, energy, telecommunications, and education. Such a partnership can not only enhance the technological level of Uzbekistan’s economy but also give new quality to Uzbek–Finnish relations – anchored in long-term, sustainable, and mutually beneficial development.

Afzal Artikov,
Chief researcher,
Center for Economic Research and
Reforms under the Administration
of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan’s Export Performance in Q1 2026

📅 27.04.2026

At the end of Q1 2026, the republic’s exports of goods and services demonstrated a steady growth trend.

During the reporting period, exports totaled $5.8 bn, increasing by 26%, or $1.2 bn, compared to the same period last year.

Export growth was driven primarily by the expansion of shipments of higher value-added products and raw materials. In particular, exports of natural uranium amounted to $402.6 mn, increasing by $196 mn, or 95%. Exports of non-ferrous metals reached $248.7 mn, up by $137 mn, with a twofold increase recorded. Exports of oil and gas products totaled $160 mn, rising by $20 mn, or 15%.

Positive dynamics were also observed in manufacturing industries. Textile exports reached $731 mn, increasing by $110 mn, or 18%. Exports of construction materials totaled $304 mn, up by $130 mn, or 75%. Exports of jewelry products reached $214 mn, increasing by $75 mn, or 54%.

Sustained growth was also recorded in agricultural and food exports. Fruit and vegetable exports reached $320 mn, increasing by $34 mn, or 12%. Food product exports totaled $282 mn, increasing by $47 mn, or 120%.

Strong growth was also achieved in services. During the reporting period, services exports amounted to $2.2 bn, increasing by 35%, or $573 mn, compared to last year.

Regional export activity also expanded. In Andijan region, exports increased by $83 mn, or 74%; in Khorezm region by $27 mn, or 66%; in Navoi region by $15 mn, or 42%; in Fergana region by $54 mn, or 42%; in Namangan region by $43 mn, or 31%; in Syrdarya region by $17 mn, or 29%; and in Samarkand region by $54 mn, or 28%. In Tashkent city, exports grew by $178 mn, or 42%.

Export growth was recorded in 147 districts and cities across the republic.

The geography of exports continues to expand. In January–March of the current year, previously non-exported goods worth $162 mn across more than 140 product categories were supplied for the first time to 86 countries, including the United States, Austria, Belarus, Poland, South Korea, Iran, Kazakhstan, and Afghanistan.

In particular, exports to Hong Kong included jewelry, solar panels, semiconductors, brass products, and spare parts worth $42.1 mn. Exports to Afghanistan included truck cranes, aluminum products, oilcake, metal fittings, pipes, and other goods worth $19.8 mn. Exports to the United States included carpets, rug fabrics, electrical equipment, solar panels, and other goods worth $9.4 mn.

In addition, exports amounted to $2.3 mn to Poland, $3.8 mn to Kazakhstan, $3.2 mn to Belarus, $1.7 mn to Austria, $1.1 mn to the United Kingdom, $1.1 mn to Iran, and $649.3 thousand to South Korea.

As a result of efforts to involve new businesses in export activity, 702 new business entities joined export operations during the reporting period. Their exports totaled $270 mn. As a result, the total number of exporting enterprises reached 4 thousand.

Within the national export support system, financial and organizational assistance to exporting enterprises continued. Through the Trade Promotion Fund, 405 exporters received financial support totaling 32.3 bn soums, while these companies exported goods worth $98.9 mn. Every $1 of state support generated $38.9 in exports.

In addition, the Light Industry Agency provided financial assistance totaling 8.8 bn soums to 212 exporters.

The achieved results confirm the effectiveness of the measures being implemented in the country to expand export potential, diversify the product range, and strengthen competitiveness in foreign markets.

 

Center for Economic Research and Reforms Media Sector

Uzbekistan and Finland: Digital Groundwater Modeling as a Contribution to Climate Resilience in Central Asia

📅 06.11.2025

Amid growing water scarcity and climate instability in Central Asia, Uzbekistan and Finland are implementing a unique form of scientific cooperation that combines digital innovation with sustainable water resource management.

In 2021, the Ministry of Mining Industry and Geology of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Geological Survey of Finland (GTK) signed a Memorandum of Understanding aimed at the rational development of natural resources through advanced technologies. Today, this project stands as an example of scientific diplomacy that unites European expertise with Uzbekistan’s potential.

 

From Paper Maps to Digital Models.

For many years, hydrogeological maps of Uzbekistan existed only in paper form. Within the framework of the joint project, they were digitized using the ArcGIS platform, creating a unified national groundwater database. This digital transformation enables specialists to monitor aquifer conditions, analyze water balances, and forecast the impacts of climate change.

Finnish experts conducted a series of training programs for Uzbek specialists, introducing modern methods of digital mapping and data processing. This strengthened the professional capacity of the sector and laid the foundation for scientifically grounded and transparent water resource management.

 

Scientific Practice: Experimental Site in Akhangaran.

An experimental site was established in the Akhangaran district of the Tashkent region, where joint research teams conducted geophysical studies and developed digital models of groundwater flow. The obtained data help predict groundwater levels, plan water supply systems, and identify areas vulnerable to drought.

The use of the MODFLOW software package made it possible to create models that provide scientifically based solutions for water resource allocation — particularly important for regions with limited water reserves.

 

European Partnership for Climate Resilience.

Cooperation with Finland is part of a broader European agenda aimed at supporting climate adaptation and sustainable development in Central Asia. By combining European technologies with Uzbekistan’s scientific resources, the project demonstrates how international partnerships can strengthen ecological security and water stability.

The results of the joint work were published in the journal Water (Scopus) under the title “Assessing Climate Change Impacts on Groundwater Recharge and Storage Using MODFLOW in the Akhangaran River Alluvial Aquifer, Eastern Uzbekistan.”

Furthermore, new areas of cooperation have opened — with the University of Padua (Italy) in geological risk monitoring, and with the Belarusian Scientific and Production Center for Geology in groundwater observation.

Looking Ahead.

The joint project between Uzbekistan and Finland is more than a transfer of technology — it represents a step toward creating a new culture of rational water use and responsible climate action. The establishment of a national digital hydrogeological database will become a key element in the country’s environmentally sustainable development.

As Europe and Central Asia continue to strengthen cooperation in water, energy, and climate, the Uzbek-Finnish project serves as a model of how scientific initiatives can deliver tangible environmental and social benefits.